The marathon stands as the ultimate challenge in mainstream distance running, demanding exceptional physical preparation and mental fortitude. This historic distance requires sophisticated training periodization, typically spanning 16-20 weeks of dedicated preparation. Training emphasizes progressive long runs up to 32-35km, marathon-pace tempo runs, and careful recovery management. The race presents unique physiological challenges including glycogen depletion ('hitting the wall'), thermoregulation, and electrolyte balance. Success requires mastery of multiple elements: efficient fat oxidation, carbohydrate loading protocols, race-specific hydration strategy, and precise pacing through early enthusiasm. Runners must develop comprehensive nutrition plans covering pre-race, race-day, and recovery periods. Mental preparation becomes crucial, with strategies needed for managing fatigue in the final 10km. The marathon represents not just a race but a journey of personal discovery and athletic achievement.